Invention and development of the paper machine

Invention and development of the paper machine. After the invention of papermaking, in the long history, after thousands of years, it has spread from China to West Asia, Europe, America, and all over the world. It was not until more than 1,600 years after the invention of papermaking that the first paper machine appeared in the world, which changed the traditional papermaking method, improved the quality of paper, expanded its use, and promoted social and economic development.

The European Industrial Revolution in the eighteenth century created the necessary conditions for the transition from handicraft to large-scale machine production. Especially in 1782, the steam engine invented and improved by Watt and others led various industrial sectors to develop towards mechanization, breaking through traditional production methods and changing the relationship between man and nature. The impact on the paper industry is also huge, promoting the invention of the paper machine and making the paper industry realize an epoch-making transformation.

In 1798, with the encouragement and help of DIDOT, the owner of the factory, ROBERT, who worked in the Essens paper mill in France, invented the world's first Fourdrinier paper machine, using a "Endless mesh belt", and obtained the patent of the French government.

In 1801, DONKIN, a mechanical engineer working at the Fowler Linner Paper Mill in England, improved the design of the paper machine and created a new type of paper machine, which was awarded a British patent. By 1811, after continuous testing and improvement, Deng Kaien successfully produced a new and improved paper machine using double wires, which not only changed the sizing method, improved the dewatering effect of the wire, but also reduced paper breaks and improved production efficiency. The basis for the improved design of modern paper machines.

In 1809, British Dickinson invented the rotary paper machine, which was initially used to produce cardboard. By 1817, after continuous improvement, a steam-heated rotary dryer was added. In 1836, a two-roll calender was added. It became the predecessor of the multi-cylinder combined rotary screen machine.

In 1840, the United Kingdom invented a large single-cylinder cylinder machine. In 1817, the United States purchased a cylinder paper machine from the United Kingdom and established a paper mill in Wellington. In use, after continuous improvement, by 1830, the United States began to manufacture and produce "Yanke paper machines", which were widely used in countries around the world. It was not until after 1860 that the Fourdrinier machine was used in the United States.

The press section of the paper machine was designed by British Dickinson in 1829.

The rotary screen was also invented by Dick Inson in 1832.

In 1832, Duncain improved the original way of sucking the slurry with a runner and replaced it with a slurry pump.

The vacuum suction box was invented in 1836.

The slurry conditioner was invented in 1840.

The beater was invented by the Dutch, but China was the first to use semi-mechanical beating.

According to Fei Zuo in the Yuan Dynasty, it was recorded in "Shu Jian Pu": "Those who use paper as their business, and the water in the Huanhuatan water is good for making paper next to their home (Jinjiang), so it is also suitable for water. Connected, everything made of paper will be rotten with a pestle...".

Here is a clear introduction to the situation that water slugs were used to pound pulp in Sichuan Jinjiang papermaking production at the end of the Song Dynasty.

In the late Ming Dynasty, Song Yingxing clearly stated in his introduction to papermaking ("Fixing the Green") in his "Heavenly Creation": "The method of papermaking is to take the young bamboo and break its tips, stain it with lime... .

It can be said that at least at the end of the Song Dynasty, our ancestors began to use the water-powered beating equipment-Shuiyu to realize semi-mechanical beating.

With the passage of time, the performance of the paper machine has been continuously improved in production practice and gradually developed in the direction of modern paper machines.

The invention of papermaking is the supreme glory of the Chinese nation and has made great contributions to mankind. However, my country's papermaking industry has not been able to maintain and develop this advantage, and has remained in the stage of handmade papermaking for more than 1,700 years after the Han Dynasty. It was not until 1881 (the seventh year of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty) that the Huazhang Paper Mill, operated by an American businessman, was established in Shanghai. In 1884, the trial run was put into operation, and there was no machine-made paper in China. At that time, a 1930mm Fourdrinier net machine, a 25 cubic meter steaming ball, a vertical cooking pot, 7 beaters and other equipment were purchased from the United Kingdom to produce rough foreign paper for writing using rags as raw materials. and wrapping paper.

Now my country has become a big country in the production and consumption of paper, ranking second in the world, and the research and development and production of paper machine are also increasingly internationalized. We must catch up and vigorously develop the paper industry, so as to be worthy of the hometown of papermaking.

This is exactly: the thousand years of manual paper fishing, the furious industrial revolution, the emergence of mechanical papermaking, and the unprecedented technological innovation.